Ante el mal estado de la calidad de aire en Bogotá y la región, la Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca (CAR) prevé declarar el estado de alerta en el municipio de Soacha y en estado de prevención en el sector de El Mochuelo, zona rural de Bogotá que hace parte de su jurisdicción.
En los últimos días se ha incrementado el ingreso de material particulado debido a posibles incendios de la cobertura vegetal en zonas de las regiones Andina, Orinoquia y Amazonia, generando un aumento del material particulado en la zona central departamento de Cundinamarca.
“Se observan que las condiciones de la atmósfera muestran vientos provenientes del occidente en niveles altos. Para el día 26 se presentan inversiones térmicas en diferentes niveles de la atmósfera, que generan acumulación de material particulado entre capas atmosféricas, lo que a su vez ocasiona altos niveles de concentración de material particulado en suspensión” dijo Richard Giovanny Villamil, director de Recursos Naturales de la CAR Cundinamarca.
El funcionario explicó que adicional a la situación de las estaciones de Soacha y Mochuelo, este fenómeno tiene tendencia a extenderse hacia los sectores Suroriente y Occidente de Cundinamarca, incrementando los niveles de material particulado PM2.5 en las estaciones La Calera, Mosquera y Madrid, por lo cual la entidad realiza el seguimiento constante al estado de calidad del aire en la jurisdicción.
Así las cosas, la Corporación anunció, para el caso del área rural de Bogotá-Mochuelo, las siguientes medidas:
I. Sector Industrial Fuentes fijas -Medidas restrictivas:
• Se restringe todo tipo de quema controlada.
• Se restringe la operación de las industrias que operan calderas y equipos a base de carbón. Los horarios de restricción para estas industrias serán establecidos de acuerdo con el último informe de calidad del aire de la CAR.
• Abstenerse de realizar actividades de mantenimiento, que detengan la operación de sistemas de control de emisiones instalados en fuentes fijas industriales, durante el tiempo en que se mantenga la alerta, salvo en los casos que tales intervenciones se requieran para colocar en operación los citados sistemas.
• Fortalecer los operativos de seguimiento y control a fuentes fijas de emisión dentro de la zona.
II. Sector movilidad y transporte -Fuentes móviles-Medidas restrictivas:
• Las autoridades de tránsito deberán establecer operativos para la agilización de la circulación vehicular en el área de influencia del episodio.
• Intensificar los operativos a fuentes móviles en vías, con especial atención a los vehículos que operan en ciclo diésel en los corredores viales.
• Restringir la circulación de vehículos diésel y particulares, de modelos anteriores a diez (10) años de Lunes a Viernes entre 6: 00 am a 9: 00 pm, con rotación de placa par e impar.
• Restringir la circulación de vehículos de transporte de carga modelos anteriores a diez (10) años: de Lunes a Viernes entre 5:00 am a 11:00 am y 4:00 pm a 10:00 pm.
• No se podrá limitar la operación de ambulancias o vehículos destinados al transporte de enfermos, vehículos de atención de incendios y vehículos de atención del orden público.
III. Población del área de influencia -Medidas voluntarias:
• Reducir el tiempo de exposición en exteriores a los grupos sensibles como niños, mujeres embarazadas, adultos mayores y personas con enfermedades respiratorios y cardiovasculares.
• Emplear herramientas electrónicas que permitan hacer teletrabajo, si así se puede.
• Reducir el uso del vehículo, y si lo utiliza, disminuir el número y distancias de los viajes, compartir el auto con familia, amigos y compañeros para asistir al trabajo, escuela, y acatar las restricciones de circulación emitidas por la autoridad competente.
Para el municipio de Soacha se establecen las siguientes medidas:
I. Sector Industrial Fuentes fijas -Medidas restrictivas:
• Se prohíbe la operación de incineradores.
• Suspender todo tipo de quema controlada.
• Se restringe la operación de las industrias que operan calderas y equipos a base de carbón, fuel oíl, crudos pesados o aceites usados.
• Los horarios de restricción para estas industrias serán establecidos de acuerdo con el último informe de calidad del aire de la CAR.
• Se restringe la realización de mantenimientos preventivos de los equipos de emisiones atmosféricas.
• Fortalecer los operativos de seguimiento y control a fuentes fijas de emisión dentro de la zona.
II. Sector movilidad y transporte -Fuentes móviles-Medidas restrictivas:
• Las autoridades de tránsito deberán establecer operativos para la agilización de la circulación vehicular en el área de influencia del episodio.
• Intensificar los operativos a fuentes móviles en vías, con especial atención a los vehículos que operan en ciclo diésel en los corredores viales.
• Restringir la circulación de vehículos diésel y particulares, de modelos anteriores a cinco (5) años de Lunes a Viernes entre 6:00 am a 9: 00 pm, con rotación de placa par e impar.
• Restringir la circulación de vehículos de transporte de carga modelos anteriores a cinco (5) años: de Lunes a Viernes entre 5:00 am a 11:00 am y 4:00 pm a 10:00 pm.
• No se podrá limitar la operación de ambulancias o vehículos destinados al transporte de enfermos, vehículos de atención de incendios y vehículos de atención del orden público.
III. Población del área de influencia -Medidas voluntarias:
• Ordenar la suspensión de clases en centros de todo nivel educativo.
• Emplear herramientas electrónicas que permitan hacer teletrabajo, si así se puede.
• Reducir el uso del vehículo, y si lo utiliza, disminuir el número y distancias de los viajes.
La entidad aclara que no se restringirá la operación de vehículos eléctricos, híbridos y de cero emisiones, y que además habrá excepciones al transporte de carga de alimentos, animales vivos, entre otros.
También estarán exceptos de la restricción la caravana presidencial, los vehículos de servicio diplomático, las carrozas fúnebres, los vehículos del Estado, los automotores de emergencia o de personas en condición de discapacidad.
Así mismo, la Corporación recomienda la priorización del uso de transporte público y/o vehículo compartido, al tiempo que anunció que intensificará los operativos a fuentes móviles, especialmente a los que operan en ciclo diésel.
Adicionalmente la CAR recomienda a la población en general evitar exponerse a zonas altamente contaminadas e inhalar el humo haciendo uso de las siguientes recomendaciones:
• Cubrir nariz y boca con tapabocas. Se recomienda usar tapabocas con filtro de carbón activado, o en caso de hacer uso de tapabocas convencional, cambiarlo de manera regular por uno nuevo.
• Evitar realizar cualquier actividad física al aire libre ya que incrementa la dosis de contaminantes inhalados.
• Evitar realizar y asistir a actividades culturales, deportivas o de ocio al aire libre entre las 6 a.m. a 10 a.m.
• Mantener ligeramente húmedas las superficies y piso de su vivienda o lugar de trabajo si va a barrerlas, esto permite que las partículas no se suspendan de nuevo en el aire.
• Fomentar el teletrabajo.
• Desplazarse en transporte público, bicicleta o utilizar el vehículo particular compartido.
• Movilizarse use medios alternativos no motorizados (caminar, bicicleta, patinetas eléctri-cas entre otros) en aquellos horarios de menor afectación en la calidad del aire.
• No queme basuras o materiales como carbón o madera,
• Evitar el consumo de cigarrillo y no arrojar colillas de cigarrillo al suelo, no arroje desper-dicios o cualquier tipo de material combustible.
• Operadores de aseo de los municipios, intensificar el barrido en húmedo para evitar la re-suspensión del material particulado.
Las medidas comienzan a regir desde el lunes 27 de febrero y se mantendrán indefinidamente por el tiempo que, según la autoridad ambiental, sea necesario para armonizar la calidad del aire
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